Java-21.0.10

#### Beyond Linux® From Scratch (systemd Edition) - Version r13.0-517

### Chapter 13. Programming

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# Java-21.0.10

## About Java

Java is different from most of the packages in LFS and BLFS. It is a programming language that works with files of bytecode to obtain instructions and executes them in a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). An introductory java program looks like:

    public class HelloWorld
    {
        public static void main(String[] args)
        {
            System.out.println("Hello, World");
        }
    }

This program is saved as `HelloWorld.java`. The file name, HelloWorld, must match the class name. It is then converted into byte code with javac HelloWorld.java. The output file is `HelloWorld.class`. The program is executed with java HelloWorld. This creates a JVM and runs the code. The 'class' extension must not be specified.

Several class files can be combined into one file with the jar command. This is similar to the standard tar command. For instance, the command jar cf myjar.jar *.class will combine all class files in a directory into one jar file. These act as library files.

The JVM can search for and use classes in jar files automatically. It uses the `CLASSPATH` environment variable to search for jar files. This is a standard list of colon-separated directory names similar to the `PATH` environment variable.

## Binary JDK Information

Creating a JVM from source requires a set of circular dependencies. The first thing that's needed is a set of programs called a Java Development Kit (JDK). This set of programs includes java, javac, jar, and several others. It also includes several base jar files.

To start, we set up a binary installation of the JDK created by the BLFS editors. It is installed in the `/opt` directory to allow for multiple installations, including a source based version.

### Note

Development versions of BLFS may not build or run some packages properly if LFS or dependencies have been updated since the most recent stable versions of the books.

### Binary Package Information

- Binary download (x86): https://anduin.linuxfromscratch.org/BLFS/OpenJDK/OpenJDK-21.0.10/OpenJDK-21.0.10+6-i686-bin.tar.xz

- Download MD5 sum: 79dcce21ca6bfd8f1892bfabf3e3926d

- Download size (binary): 164 MB

- Estimated disk space required: 315 MB

- Binary download (x86_64): https://anduin.linuxfromscratch.org/BLFS/OpenJDK/OpenJDK-21.0.10/OpenJDK-21.0.10+6-x86_64-bin.tar.xz

- Download MD5 sum: c457d34d4234a3f0d8cf1f79c0513a9c

- Download size (binary): 170 MB

- Estimated disk space required: 344 MB

### Java Binary Runtime Dependencies

alsa-lib-1.2.15.3, Cups-2.4.19, giflib-6.1.3, Little CMS-2.19, and Xorg Libraries

## Installation of the Java BinaryJDK

Begin by extracting the appropriate binary tarball for your architecture and changing to the extracted directory. Install the binary OpenJDK with the following commands as the `root` user:

    install -vdm755 /opt/OpenJDK-21.0.10-bin &&
    mv -v * /opt/OpenJDK-21.0.10-bin         &&
    chown -R root:root /opt/OpenJDK-21.0.10-bin

The binary version is now installed. You may create a symlink to that version by issuing, as the `root` user:

    ln -sfn OpenJDK-21.0.10-bin /opt/jdk

You may now proceed to Configuring the Java environment, where the instructions assume that the above link exists.

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